![]() ![]() Carcass parameters were measured at the end of the experiment. Chicks were distributed into four equal groups with two replicates in each group. ![]() After hatching, all chicks boxed and transported to a poultry farm. The eggs were injected with 0.1 ml saline solution as a control (T1), 0.1 ml ND vaccine (T2), 0.1 ml ND vaccine plus 0.1 multivitamins AD3E (T3), and 0.1 ml ND vaccine plus 0.1 ml omega-3 (T4). On day 18 of incubation, four hundred fertilized eggs (100 eggs for each group), transferred from the incubator to hatcher. This study was designed to identify the effects of In ovo injection with Newcastle disease (ND) killed vaccine, multivitamins AD3E and exogenous omega-3 on some carcass characteristics of broilers. The study of resistance mechanisms in the tick could be fundamental importance for its control. But the biological control yet is not viable for large cattle breedings and the protection induced by vaccination is not sufficient to control of B. In this moment, other types of control, such as biological and immunological controls has been developed for decrease the resistance in tick populations. Different group of enzymes in different metabolic pathways form the cellular resistance mechanisms and detoxification, moreover several mutations can increase the tolerance to a chemical coumpound. The molecular basis of resistance in Boophilus microplus are not known, but several studies shows the most mechanisms. In addition, the number of relates increases and shows the increase in tick resistant populations to several chemical principles present in the acaricides. The most important method for the control of the cattle tick used actually is the chemical control, that it is efficient but dispendious, causes damage to enviroment and contaminates the food. It is responsible for great economic losses for the host expoliation, moreover it transmittes Anaplasma sp. The tick Boophilus microplus is a hematophagous ectoparasite of bovine, present in tropical and subtropical areas in the world. ![]() Further studies should be conducted to find the effects of in-ovo injection folic acid and glucose on different incubation days and at different sites of injection. In conclusion, our data suggested that in-ovo injection with a mixture of folic acid and glucose (0.2 mg folic acid+ 125 mg/ egg glucose) could be used to enhance carcass characteristics. Also, the dressing percentage when using folic acid and (FA+Glu) was significantly increased to 72.1% and 72.5%, respectively, compared to the positive control group (68.3%). Injection of folic acid and (FA+Glu) significantly increased chickens' body weight at two and four weeks of age. Injection treatments had no significant effect on the growth rate or the production number in any of the weeks. Hatching quality was severely affected by all in-ovo injection treatments, but no significant differences were found between the treatment groups concerning the hatchability of fertile eggs. In-ovo injection with folic acid decreased the albumen pH significantly to 9.19 after 4 days of injection, while the negative control was 9.43. All treatments were divided into 10 replications of 9 chickens in each. After hatching, the chickens were reared in groups according to the treatments. After in-ovo injection, the eggs were stored for four days before hatching. Eggs were injected into the albumen under the air sac. Each treatment was divided into five replicates of 30 eggs each. ![]() A total number of 900 hatching eggs were collected from Arbor Acres broiler breeders, then, eggs were divided into 6 groups including 1) Negative Control (non-injected, NC), 2) Dry Punch Control (pricked without injecting any solution, DPC), 3) Positive Control (eggs were injected with 0.5 mL normal saline, PC), 4) Folic Acid group (eggs were injected with 0.2 mg/ egg folic acid, FA), 5) Glucose group (eggs were injected with 125 mg/ egg glucose, Glu), and 6) Folic Acid with Glucose group (eggs were injected with 0.2 mg folic acid with 125 mg/ egg glucose, FA+Glu). The present study was designed to investigate the impact of in-ovo injection of folic acid and glucose on hatching eggs from 55 weeks old broiler breeders. ![]()
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